IoT hardware comprises a variety of devices, including routing devices, bridges, and sensors. These devices are responsible for performing critical functions such as system activation, security, communication, action specification, and detection of support-specific goals and actions.
 
IoT hardware components may range from low-power boards to single-board processors like the Arduino Uno. These boards are smaller and can be plugged into the mainboard, thereby enhancing its functionality by providing specific functions or features such as GPS, light and heat sensors, or interactive displays.
 
To program an IoT device, the inputs and outputs must be specified by the programmer. Subsequently, a circuit design is created to illustrate the interaction of these inputs and outputs.